Visiting Acropolis part 10 North West view of Athens from Filopappou Hill , my first time
Visiting Acropolis part 10 North view of Athens Filopappou Hill , my first time at Filopappou
2017 after a trip to Naxos island
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Philopappou or Filopappou (Greek: Φιλοπάππου pronounced [fi.loˈpa.pu])
is a small neighborhood of Athens, Greece south of the Philopappos Monument,
from which it takes its name.
Transport
Petralona station on Line 1 on Syngrou Fix station on Line 3 are
the nearest stations of the Athens Metro.
The area is also served by a trolley bus stop (line 15) of the same name as the area
Filopappou,North West view of Athens,Filopappou Hill,Acropolis,Visiting Acropolis,Parthenon,Acropolis part 10
Acropolis part 5 my first time at Parthenon
2017 after a trip to Naxos island
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After the Athenians defeated the Persians at Marathon, in 490 BC,
they began building a very large temple, the so-called Pre-Parthenon.
This temple was still unfinished when the Persians invaded Attica in 480 BC,
pillaged the Acropolis and set fire to its monuments.
The Athenians buried the surviving sculptures and votive offerings inside natural cavities
of the sacred rock, thus forming artificial terraces, and fortified the Acropolis with two new walls,
the wall of Themistokles along the northern side and that of Kimon on the south.
Several architectural elements of the ruined temples were
incorporated in the northern wall and are still visible today.
In the mid-fifth century BC, when the Acropolis became the seat of the Athenian League
and Athens was the greatest cultural centre of its time,
Perikles initiated an ambitious building project which
lasted the entire second half of the fifth century BC.
Athenians and foreigners alike worked on this project, receiving a salary of one drachma a day.
The most important buildings visible on the Acropolis today - that is, the Parthenon,
the Propylaia, the Erechtheion and the Τemple of Athena Nike,
were erected during this period under the supervision of the greatest architects,
sculptors and artists of their time.
The temples on the north side of the Acropolis housed primarily
the earlier Athenian cults and those of the Olympian gods,
while the southern part of the Acropolis was dedicated to the cult of Athena in her many qualities:
as Polias (patron of the city), Parthenos, Pallas,
Promachos (goddess of war), Ergane (goddess of manual labour) and Nike (Victory).
Acropolis,Visiting Acropolis,Acropolis part 3,Parthenon
Visiting Acropolis part 4 Erechtheion Parthenon my first time
Acropolis part 4 my first time
Erechtheion Parthenon
2017 after a trip to Naxos island
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The Erechtheion or Erechtheum (/ɪˈrɛkθiəm, ˌɛrɪkˈθiːəm/; Ancient Greek: Ἐρέχθειον, Greek: Ερέχθειο)
is an ancient Greek temple on the north side of the Acropolis of Athens in Greece
which was dedicated to both Athena and Poseidon.
The temple as seen today was built between 421 and 406 BC.
Its architect may have been Mnesicles, and it derived its name from a shrine
dedicated to the legendary Greek hero Erichthonius. The sculptor
and mason of the structure was Phidias, who was employed by Pericles to build both
the Erechtheum and the Parthenon. Some have suggested that it may have been built in honor
of the legendary king Erechtheus, who is said to have been buried nearby.
Erechtheus was mentioned in Homer's Iliad as a great king and ruler of Athens
during the Archaic Period, and Erechtheus and the hero Erichthonius were often syncretized.
It is believed to have been a replacement for the Peisistratid temple of Athena Polias
destroyed by the Persians in 480 BC.
The need to preserve multiple adjacent sacred precincts likely explains the complex design.
The main structure consists of up to four compartments,
the largest being the east cella, with an Ionic portico on its east end.
Other current thinking would have the entire interior at the lower level
and the East porch used for access to the great altar of Athena Polias
via a balcony and stair and also as a public viewing platform.
The entire temple is on a slope, so the west and north sides are
about 3 m (9 ft) lower than the south and east sides.
It was built entirely of marble from Mount Pentelikon,
with friezes of black limestone from Eleusis which bore sculptures executed in relief
in white marble.It had elaborately carved doorways and windows,
and its columns were ornately decorated (far more so than is visible today);
they were painted, gilded and highlighted with gilt bronze and multi-colored
inset glass beads. The building is known for early examples of egg-and-dart,
and guilloche ornamental moldings.The Theory of Mouldings, p22,
Charles Howard Walker (1926), has detailed drawings of some of the decorations.
Porch of the Maidens
On the north side, there is another large porch with six Ionic columns, and on the south,
the famous "Porch of the Maidens", with six draped female figures (caryatids)
as supporting columns. The porch was built to conceal the giant 15-ft beam
needed to support the southwest corner over the Kekropion, after the building
was drastically reduced in size and budget following the onset of the Peloponnesian war.
Acropolis part 3 my first time at Parthenon
2017 after a trip to Naxos island
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The Parthenon (/ˈpɑːrθəˌnɒn, -nən/; Ancient Greek: Παρθενών; Greek: Παρθενώνας,
Parthenónas, [parθeˈnonas]) is a former temple[4][5] on the Athenian Acropolis,
Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens
considered their patron. Construction began in 447 BC when the Athenian Empire
was at the peak of its power. It was completed in 438 BC, although decoration
of the building continued until 432 BC. It is the most important surviving
building of Classical Greece, generally considered the zenith of the Doric order[by whom?].
Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of Greek art.
The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece,
Athenian democracy and Western civilization, and one of the world's greatest cultural monuments.
To the Athenians who built it, the Parthenon and other Periclean monuments
of the Acropolis were seen fundamentally as a celebration of Hellenic victory
over the Persian invaders and as a thanksgiving to the gods for that victory.
The Parthenon itself replaced an older temple of Athena, which historians
call the Pre-Parthenon or Older Parthenon, that was destroyed
in the Persian invasion of 480 BC. Like most Greek temples,
the Parthenon served a practical purpose as the city treasury.
For a time, it served as the treasury of the Delian League,
which later became the Athenian Empire.
In the final decade of the 6th century AD,
the Parthenon was converted into a Christian church dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
After the Ottoman conquest, it was turned into a mosque in the early 1460s.
On 26 September 1687, an Ottoman ammunition dump inside the building
was ignited by Venetian bombardment during a siege of the Acropolis.
The resulting explosion severely damaged the Parthenon and its sculptures.
From 1800 to 1803,[10] Thomas Bruce,
7th Earl of Elgin removed some of the surviving sculptures,
now known as the Elgin Marbles, with the alleged permission of the Turks of the Ottoman Empire
Since 1975 numerous large-scale restoration projects have been undertaken;
the latest is expected to finish in 2020.
Visiting Acropolis part 2 Propylaea Erechtheion Parthenon my first time
Acropolis part 2 my first time
Propylaea Erechtheion Parthenon
2017 after a trip to Naxos island
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The Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel located on a rocky
outcrop above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several
ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance,
the most famous being the Parthenon. The word acropolis
is from the Greek words ἄκρον (akron, "highest point,
extremity") and πόλις (polis, "city").[1] Although the term acropolis
is generic and there are many other acropoleis in Greece,
the significance of the Acropolis of Athens is such
that it is commonly known as "The Acropolis" without qualification.
During ancient times it was known also more properly as Cecropia,
after the legendary serpent-man, Cecrops, the supposed first Athenian king.
While there is evidence that the hill was inhabited as far back
as the fourth millennium BC, it was Pericles (c. 495–429 BC)
in the fifth century BC who coordinated the construction of the site's
most important present remains including the Parthenon, the Propylaia,
the Erechtheion and the Temple of Athena Nike.The Parthenon
and the other buildings were seriously damaged during the 1687
siege by the Venetians during the Morean War when gunpowder being
stored in the Parthenon was hit by a cannonball and exploded.
Acropolis,Visiting Acropolis,Acropolis part 2,Parthenon,Erechtheion,Propylaea
